原子发射光谱仪的基本部件

一、激发光源

Excitation light source

1、激发光源的作用

1, the role of the excitation source

作为光谱分析的光源对试样都具有两个作用：

As the light source of the spectrum analysis, the sample has two functions:

*把试样中的组分蒸发、解离为气态原子。

* the component in the sample is evaporated and dissociated into a gaseous state.

*使气态原子激发（即光源的主要作用是对试样的蒸发、解离和激发提供所需的能量）。

* the main function of the light source is to provide the energy required for the evaporation, dissociation and excitation of the sample.

2、激发光源的要求

2, the requirements of the excitation light source

激发能力强、灵敏度高、稳定性好、结构简单、操作方便、使用安全

Strong excitation ability, high sensitivity, good stability, simple structure, convenient operation and safe use.

3、常用的光源：直流电弧、低压交流电弧、高压火花和电感耦合等离子体（ICP）等。

3, commonly used light source: DC arc, low voltage AC arc, high voltage spark and inductively coupled plasma (ICP), etc..

4、光源的选择

4, the choice of light source

（1）、分析元素的性质

(1) the nature of the elements

元素的挥发性，以及它们的电离电位直接影响该元素的蒸发和激发。

The volatility of the elements, and their ionization potentials directly affect the evaporation and excitation of the element.

（2）、分析元素的含量

(2) content of analytical elements

对低含量元素，需要较高的绝对灵敏度，它不仅与激发温度有关，而且与蒸发温度有关。

For low content elements, higher absolute sensitivity is needed. It is not only related to the excitation temperature, but also to the evaporation temperature.

（3）试样的性质

(3) the properties of the sample

（4）、分析任务

(4) analysis task

5、样品导入光源的方法：固体自电极法、粉末法、溶液法、气态法

5, sample introduction light source method: the solid self electrode method, the powder method, the solution method, the gas method

二、色散仪

Two, dispersion instrument

作用：将光源发射的不同波长的光色散成为光谱或单色光。

Effect: the light emission at different wavelengths of light dispersion become spectrum or monochromatic light.

分类：按色散器件的不同可分为棱镜色散仪和光栅色散仪。

Classification: according to the different dispersion device can be divided into prism dispersion instrument and grating dispersion instrument.

构造：照明系统、准光系统、色散系统。

Structure: lighting system, quasi optical system, dispersion system.

三、检测器

Three, detector

在原子发射光谱法中，常用的检测方法有：目视法、摄谱法和光电法。

In the atomic emission spectrometry, the commonly used detection methods are: visual method, spectral method and photoelectric method.

这三种方法基本原理都相同，都是把激发试样获得的复合光通过入射狭缝照射到分光元件上，使之色散为光谱。然后通过测量谱线而检测试样中的分析元素，其区别就在于目视法用人眼去接受，摄谱法用感光板接受，光电法用光电倍增管接受。目前，广泛使用的是摄谱法。

The basic principles of the three methods are the same, and the composite light which is obtained by the excitation sample is irradiated to the light splitting element through the entrance slit. And then by measuring the spectral lines and detection of the analysis of the elements in the sample, the difference lies in the visual method with the human eye to accept, the photographic spectrum method with a photographic plate to accept, photoelectric multiplier tube to accept. At present, the widely used is the perturbation method.